In the case of a ligament tear, this typically involves reconstructing the structure with a graft from another area of the body or from a cadaver. Surgery: If therapy is unsuccessful or if a more severe meniscal, tendon, or ligament tear is present, surgical intervention may be necessary.PT can also assist in resolving any swelling that may be present. Therapy can help restore flexibility in the joint and build up strength to support the damaged structure. Physical therapy: For most conditions-including OA, a medial meniscus tear, ligament sprains, and tendon strains-physical therapy (PT) is usually the first line of defense.In some cases, a cortisone injection is also administered to address the pain and swelling associated with a meniscal tear or an osteoarthritis aggravation. NSAIDs or acetaminophen: These may be taken to help alleviate the acute pain.The RICE principle (Rest-Ice-Compression-Elevation): This is common following a flare-up of pain in the medial knee or an injury to one of the structures in the area and is typically helpful in reducing some of the initial symptoms.The adductor magnus muscle helps to bring the entire leg closer to the midline of the body.The semimembranosus and semitendinosus assist with inward rotation and the gracilis and sartorius either inwardly or outwardly rotating the joint depending on the position of the leg.The VMO extends or straightens the joint.The semimembranosus, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius, sartorius, and gracilis work to bend or flex the knee.Each of the muscles attaching near the medial compartment helps move the knee in one or multiple directions.The meniscus helps improve the congruency of the joint and, along with the articular cartilage, assists in absorbing the stresses that are placed through the bones as you go about your day.As a result of these joint movements, the knee is able to fully bend and straighten as you move. The rounded end of the medial femoral condyle sits on the relatively flat tibial plateau, which allows the two bones to roll, slide, and rotate slightly on one another.It inserts below the knee joint on the posterior (back) and posteromedial (back and inside) portions of the tibia. Semimembranosus: One of the three hamstring muscles, this structure originates from just below the buttocks and runs down the back of the leg.This fluid-filled sac separates the muscle tendons from the tibia bone and helps to reduce friction in the area. Pes anserine bursa: On the anteromedial (front and inside) portion of the tibia, three muscles (from top to bottom: the sartorius, the gracilis, and the semitendinosus) insert one above the next and form the outer border of the pes anserine bursa.Vastus medialis oblique (VMO): One of the four quadriceps muscles, the VMO runs down the leg on the inner part of the thigh and eventually joins the quadriceps tendon to insert into the superomedial (top and inside) border of the kneecap.Medial gastrocnemius muscle: This calf muscle travels up the lower leg from the Achilles tendon to a boney prominence below and slightly behind the adductor tubercle.Adductor magnus muscle: This muscle runs along the side of the leg and inserts near a boney bump called the adductor tubercle on the medial femoral condyle.doi:10.1259/bjr.20150403Īmerican Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). Radiographic quantifications of joint space narrowing progression by computer-based approach using temporal subtraction in rheumatoid wrist. Ichikawa S, Kamishima T, Sutherland K, Okubo T, Katayama K. Osteoarthritis: Clinical and Experimental Aspects. Martel-Pelletier, J, Henrotin, JY, Pelletier, JP. Growth factor therapy for osteoarthritis. Associations between pre-operative radiographic changes and outcomes after total knee joint replacement for osteoarthritis. Classifications in brief: Kellgren-Lawrence classification of osteoarthritis. Progression of cartilage damage and meniscal pathology over 30 months is associated with an increase in radiographic tibiofemoral joint space narrowing in persons with knee OA-the MOST study. Computer-assisted joint space area measurement: A new technique in patients with knee osteoarthritis. OARSI Clinical Trials Recommendations: Hip imaging in clinical trials in osteoarthritis. Age-related joint space narrowing independent of the development of osteoarthritis of the shoulder. Kircher J, Kuerner K, Morhard M, Krauspe R, Habermeyer P. Radiographic evaluation of arthritis: degenerative joint disease and variations. Kenilworth, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc.Īmerican Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
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